Package of Practices (POP) for Cosmos:
Scientific Name & Family: Cosmos bipinnatus (common cosmos), Family: Asteraceae.
Common Names: Cosmos, Garden Cosmos.
Climate: Prefers warm temperate to subtropical climates; thrives in sunny locations.
Soil: Well-drained sandy or loamy soil; tolerates low fertility but avoids waterlogging.
Propagation: By seeds; sow directly in the garden after the last frost or start in nursery.
Spacing & Planting: Space plants 30–45 cm apart; thin seedlings to avoid overcrowding.
Watering & Irrigation: Moderate watering; drought-tolerant once established.
Fertilizer & Manures: Light feeding with balanced NPK; excessive nitrogen reduces flowering.
Flowering & Maintenance: Blooms summer to frost; deadhead regularly to prolong flowering.
Pests & Diseases: Generally pest-free; occasional aphids or fungal infections; maintain air circulation.
